After the occupation of the Philippines US needed a way
to defend the Manila Bay from a naval attack, so they set out to build
a series of heavy coast defenses at it's entrance. The problem was that
the artillery of the day could not cover the entire width of the entrance
from the sides of the bay or from the Corregidor island. A small island
called El Fraile came to the rescue, situated to the western side of the
straight it was a perfect place to place battery of heavy guns to cover
that side of the entrance. However due to the fact that the island was
very small it was impossible to place multiple conventional batteries while
the distance from other forts meant that it will be on its own in any sort
of prolonged combat. So the decision was taken to build a completely different
fort. The island was cut down and a ship shaped concrete structure was
built on top of it. The fort looked like a forward half of a battleship
with two superimposed twin 14" turrets, two two story casemates with 6"
guns, to 3" AA guns on the top deck and a cage mast. The army called it
Fort Drum, but of course every one around called it "The Concrete Battleship".
Construction lasted 10 years from 1909 to 1919. Almost immediately after
the construction the temporary barracks were built on top deck of the fort,
they obstructed the field of fire for the main guns but made living in
the tropics much more comfortable. Until 1941 the fort lived a quiet comfortable
life like the rest of the Manila bay coast defenses. Immediately following
the Japanese invasion of the Philippines the fort was brought up to the
combat condition, which meant the removal of all of the barracks from the
top deck. On January 31st Japanese troops came within range of Fort Drum's
guns and the fort opened fire. On February 6th the Japanese were finally
able to reply. Despite over 100 hits of the 105mm rounds fort's ability
to fight was not impaired. It however prompted the crew of the fort to
demolish the cage mast, as they believed that it was used as an aiming
point by the Japanese and could jam the top turret if it fell on top of
it. The bombardment repeated several times until march. On march 15th the
fort was shelled the first time by the 240mm howitzers, which put the AA
gun on top of the fort out of commission. From that day on the bombardment
went on every day however the fort remained operational, firing back at
various Japanese batteries attacking it. On April 9th Bataan fell and the
Japanese readied for the final attack on the Corregidor. The open gun pits
of the Corregidor were very soon silenced by the Japanese and the only
long range defense left to Americans remained fort Drum. On several occasions
it was able to silence Japanese batteries on Bataan despite being under
attack themselves. The end for the American defenses on Corregidor came
on may 5th when after destroying all of the heavy guns on the island the
Japanese landed their troops there. Fort Drum was firing its 14" guns directly
into the landing barges and was able to destroy between half and 2/3 of
them, but the rest landed and soon overwhelmed the defenders causing General
Wainwright to surrender the next day. Orders came to fort Drum to surrender
at 12pm on the 7th. Officers debated continuing to fight, but despite the
fact that the fighting ability of the fort was not damaged, the food supplies
were running low, so it was decided to surrender. However fort kept on
firing up until the last minute before the surrender when the guns were
damaged by the crew to the point where they will be useless to the Japanese.
Due to the effectiveness of the fort its crew was treated very badly by
the Japanese and not many survived the captivity.
The story of the fort didn't end there. In 1945 after the recapture
of Philippines by the Americans it was discovered that despite the fact
that none of the guns were operational there was a small garrison of Japanese
troops on board. Not willing to take useless casualties, American troops
landed on the fort and pumped 2600 gallons of petroleum into the fort interior
and blew it up. Fort burned for 14 days. Post was inspection determined
that the fort was hit by over 3000 bombs and shells, but none of them was
able to penetrate more than 4 inches onto the structure. The fort still
stands there today looking very much like it did in 1945 with the turrets
still intact but the interior gutted by the metal scavengers.
OKB Grigorov is located in
Bulgaria and is run by Georgi Grogorov. It is a name well known to 1/72
scale armor model builders, with their wide range of photoetch products
for various small scale vehicles. Recently they expanded into resin casting
as well. This is their first naval kit, but their website shows that several
more 1/700 scale kits are on their way. |
The kit comes packed into a sturdy cardboard box with the
hull packed into the foam glove and all other pieces in a series of individual
packets. Everything is separated by bubblewrap.
There are 40 resin parts in the kit. The main one is of course the "hull".
Compared to the average 1/700 scale ship it is massive, roughly the length
of a pre-dreadnought battleship but almost 3 times wider and taller. The
original structure was 350' by 144', which in 1/700 scale is 152.4mm by
64.2mm the kit's dimensions are 152.7mm by 67mm, to they are nearly perfect,
especially since the dimensions of the concrete structure are probably
not 100% accurate. The "hull" shows off the stamped structure of the concrete
very well. The casting is bubble free, without flash or pour plugs. Small
parts are also well cast. The turrets are detailed with rivet derail that
is probably a bit oversized but with drybrushing would look fine. All of
the gun barrels are included in the kit. |