by Martin J Quinn |
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HISTORY | |
The SS Normandie was one of the most famous ocean
liners of all time. Built by Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
(aka "French Lines"), for service on the North Atlantic route between Europe
and America, she was the largest and fastest passenger ship afloat for
a time. She is considered by many enthusiasts to be greatest - and most
beautiful - of all the ocean liners.
The ship was laid down in 1931, launched in 1932, and entered service in 1935. During her relatively short career, she made 139 westbound crossings from France to New York. She also won the trophy for fastest Atlantic crossing - the fabled Blue Riband - on numerous occasions. Built to a more radical Art Deco design, lavishly appointed to cater to the first class crowd, Normandie was never a real commercial success, and was occasionally subsidized by the French government. Her biggest rival, Cunard's Queen Mary, which was launched a year after the French Lines ship, was also well appointed, but built to a more traditional design, with more room for second and third class passengers. As a result, she tended to draw bigger bookings. Cunard announced that Queen Mary, when launched, would be over 80,000 tons, which would eclipse the size of Normandie. To keep the title of world's largest liner, Normandie underwent a refit in 1936, adding several thousand tons, mostly due to the addition of an enclosed tourist lounge on the aft boat deck. The record of largest liner was one she held, until the arrival of Queen Mary's running mate, Queen Elizabeth, in 1940. Normandie also swapped her three bladed propellers for four bladed props during this refit, which, along with some structural changes, helped reduce problems with vibrations. When war erupted in Europe, Normandie was in New York City - a place she would never again leave under her own power. First interned in September, 1939, then seized by the US Government just days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Normandie - now named Lafayette by the Americans - was slated for conversion to a troopship. On February 9, 1942, during the rush to finish work, a workman's welding torch ignited life vests, which in turned ignited wood paneling that had not yet been removed. The fire quickly spread, and the efforts to contain it were mishandled. As water was poured in, the ship began to list. A suggestion from her designer, Vladimir Yourkevitch, to open the sea cocks and let her settle in the shallow water was rejected. In the end, she was abandoned and capsized in the middle of the night, crushing a fire boat in the process. Salvaged and raised by August, 1943, plans to convert Lafayette to an aircraft transport were abandoned, due to the damage to her hull and machinery. She was sold, post war, and scrapped in Port Newark, New Jersey, starting in October, 1946. For more information on Normandie, see her Wikipedia page, where most of this information was taken from. You can also find many photos of Normandie in the French Language Navies & Histoire #23. |